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	<title>Comments on: North Carolina SCV Honors Black Confederates or Confederate Slaves?</title>
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	<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/</link>
	<description>Where History, Heritage, and Education Intersect</description>
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		<title>By: Richard</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-32188</link>
		<dc:creator>Richard</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 03:56:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-32188</guid>
		<description>Tombstone photos
http://cwmonuments.wordpress.com/2011/12/02/joshua-caleb-nichols-and-sandy-oliver/</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tombstone photos<br />
<a href="http://cwmonuments.wordpress.com/2011/12/02/joshua-caleb-nichols-and-sandy-oliver/" rel="nofollow">http://cwmonuments.wordpress.com/2011/12/02/joshua-caleb-nichols-and-sandy-oliver/</a></p>
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		<title>By: Kevin Levin</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-16019</link>
		<dc:creator>Kevin Levin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 May 2010 19:16:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-16019</guid>
		<description>LtCol. Kennedy,

Thanks for taking the time to write.  I would love to hear about examples of individual black soldiers that you&#039;ve identified based on wartime evidence, including the muster rolls.  Please keep in mind that postwar photographs are not evidence that individual black men served as soldiers.  In fact, it is probably the case that most of them were present as slaves or were impressed by the state government.  As I&#039;ve noted before many slaves traveled with their owners and were allowed to purchase uniforms.  This, of course, did not change their status.  The postwar reunion photographs are fascinating documentation, but they tell us much more about race relations and how the war was being remembered as opposed to the status of these men during the war.  If you have evidence of black soldiers in the Confederate army than I must assume that you have identified them on muster rolls.

Thanks again for taking the time to comment.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>LtCol. Kennedy,</p>
<p>Thanks for taking the time to write.  I would love to hear about examples of individual black soldiers that you&#8217;ve identified based on wartime evidence, including the muster rolls.  Please keep in mind that postwar photographs are not evidence that individual black men served as soldiers.  In fact, it is probably the case that most of them were present as slaves or were impressed by the state government.  As I&#8217;ve noted before many slaves traveled with their owners and were allowed to purchase uniforms.  This, of course, did not change their status.  The postwar reunion photographs are fascinating documentation, but they tell us much more about race relations and how the war was being remembered as opposed to the status of these men during the war.  If you have evidence of black soldiers in the Confederate army than I must assume that you have identified them on muster rolls.</p>
<p>Thanks again for taking the time to comment.</p>
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		<title>By: LtCol (ret) Ed Kennedy</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-16018</link>
		<dc:creator>LtCol (ret) Ed Kennedy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 14 May 2010 19:11:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-16018</guid>
		<description>This is an interesting story and certainly has generated some intellectual discussions.  I currently teach at the Army&#039;s staff college and have done so for years.  When I first went to work in the history department, I did research on black Confederates and surprisingly found more information than people generally give credit for existing.  In 2005, the Army Equal Opportunity Office at Fort Gordon, Georgia invited me to be the keynote speaker on the topic of &quot;Black Confederates&quot;.  I have given the lecture numerous times over the last ten years around the United States.  Even the most harded, educated skeptics have at least admitted that the evidence is credible that black Confederates served.   Mr. Tyrone Williams, a retired law enforcement officer here in Leavenworth, Kansas, is a proud descendent of a Confederate soldier.  He is African-American and we ordered a Confederate headstone from the V.A. for his ancestor.  We emplaced it on his g-grandfather&#039;s grave in 2006.  In my presentations, I always ask people to shed their stereotypes and open their minds.  As I close my presentation, I always use photos of numerous post-war reunions showing black Confederate veterans in attendance.  I am always curious when the argument is posited that black Confederates &quot;were forced to fight&quot;.  I see no pistols to their heads in the reunion photos.  Something to think about.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is an interesting story and certainly has generated some intellectual discussions.  I currently teach at the Army&#8217;s staff college and have done so for years.  When I first went to work in the history department, I did research on black Confederates and surprisingly found more information than people generally give credit for existing.  In 2005, the Army Equal Opportunity Office at Fort Gordon, Georgia invited me to be the keynote speaker on the topic of &#8220;Black Confederates&#8221;.  I have given the lecture numerous times over the last ten years around the United States.  Even the most harded, educated skeptics have at least admitted that the evidence is credible that black Confederates served.   Mr. Tyrone Williams, a retired law enforcement officer here in Leavenworth, Kansas, is a proud descendent of a Confederate soldier.  He is African-American and we ordered a Confederate headstone from the V.A. for his ancestor.  We emplaced it on his g-grandfather&#8217;s grave in 2006.  In my presentations, I always ask people to shed their stereotypes and open their minds.  As I close my presentation, I always use photos of numerous post-war reunions showing black Confederate veterans in attendance.  I am always curious when the argument is posited that black Confederates &#8220;were forced to fight&#8221;.  I see no pistols to their heads in the reunion photos.  Something to think about.</p>
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		<title>By: Leonard Lanier</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-12736</link>
		<dc:creator>Leonard Lanier</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 23:18:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-12736</guid>
		<description>True, there is no Boardman County, North Carolina.  However, right on the border between Robeson and Columbus Counties, there is a small town called Boardman, population 202.   According to the 2000 Census, the town was 54.4% White and 44.6% Black.   During the Civil War, both Robeson and Columbus Counties evolved into dangerous &quot;no go&quot; areas for Confederate troops and Home Guard.  The Lowry Band, a group anti-Confederate bandits/guerrillas operated nearby.  Ironic that in an area known for opposition to the Confederacy during the actual conflict, people want to memorialize so-called &quot;black confederates.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>True, there is no Boardman County, North Carolina.  However, right on the border between Robeson and Columbus Counties, there is a small town called Boardman, population 202.   According to the 2000 Census, the town was 54.4% White and 44.6% Black.   During the Civil War, both Robeson and Columbus Counties evolved into dangerous &#8220;no go&#8221; areas for Confederate troops and Home Guard.  The Lowry Band, a group anti-Confederate bandits/guerrillas operated nearby.  Ironic that in an area known for opposition to the Confederacy during the actual conflict, people want to memorialize so-called &#8220;black confederates.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Leonard Lanier</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-12054</link>
		<dc:creator>Leonard Lanier</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 10 Nov 2009 17:18:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-12054</guid>
		<description>True, there is no Boardman County, North Carolina.  However, right on the border between Robeson and Columbus Counties, there is a small town called Boardman, population 202.   According to the 2000 Census, the town was 54.4% White and 44.6% Black.   During the Civil War, both Robeson and Columbus Counties evolved into dangerous &quot;no go&quot; areas for Confederate troops and Home Guard.  The Lowry Band, a group anti-Confederate bandits/guerrillas operated nearby.  Ironic that in an area known for opposition to the Confederacy during the actual conflict, people want to memorialize so-called &quot;black confederates.&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>True, there is no Boardman County, North Carolina.  However, right on the border between Robeson and Columbus Counties, there is a small town called Boardman, population 202.   According to the 2000 Census, the town was 54.4% White and 44.6% Black.   During the Civil War, both Robeson and Columbus Counties evolved into dangerous &#8220;no go&#8221; areas for Confederate troops and Home Guard.  The Lowry Band, a group anti-Confederate bandits/guerrillas operated nearby.  Ironic that in an area known for opposition to the Confederacy during the actual conflict, people want to memorialize so-called &#8220;black confederates.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: Kevin Levin</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-7293</link>
		<dc:creator>Kevin Levin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 23:32:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-7293</guid>
		<description>I appreciate the references and am well aware of Mr. Ijames&#039;s &quot;research&quot; on black Confederates.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I appreciate the references and am well aware of Mr. Ijames&#8217;s &#8220;research&#8221; on black Confederates.</p>
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		<title>By: Mickey Harris</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-7292</link>
		<dc:creator>Mickey Harris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Apr 2009 23:28:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-7292</guid>
		<description>I also know Marvin Nicholson.  Marvin as well as a couple of his artillery team re-enacted as Confederates at the Columns Re-enactment, S. C. 2007.  Wherever Marvin sets up his information on Blacks in the Civil War, he always includes information on Black Confederates.  I suggest you contact Earl Ijames, currator of the NC Museum of History for more information on blacks that served in the Civil War.  He is doing a good work on compiling this information.  Earl is also an Afro-American.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I also know Marvin Nicholson.  Marvin as well as a couple of his artillery team re-enacted as Confederates at the Columns Re-enactment, S. C. 2007.  Wherever Marvin sets up his information on Blacks in the Civil War, he always includes information on Black Confederates.  I suggest you contact Earl Ijames, currator of the NC Museum of History for more information on blacks that served in the Civil War.  He is doing a good work on compiling this information.  Earl is also an Afro-American.</p>
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		<title>By: The suggestion of prevailing racial harmony and sympathy in &#8220;Cause&#8221; in &#8220;remembering&#8221; &#8220;Black Confederates?&#8221; &#171; Cenantua&#8217;s Blog</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-5724</link>
		<dc:creator>The suggestion of prevailing racial harmony and sympathy in &#8220;Cause&#8221; in &#8220;remembering&#8221; &#8220;Black Confederates?&#8221; &#171; Cenantua&#8217;s Blog</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 20:26:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-5724</guid>
		<description>[...] on February 13, 2009 by cenantua   Revisiting one of my earlier posts in which I reflected on another post made by Kevin Levin in his Civil War Memory blog, and having seen this post in another blog, [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] on February 13, 2009 by cenantua   Revisiting one of my earlier posts in which I reflected on another post made by Kevin Levin in his Civil War Memory blog, and having seen this post in another blog, [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Robert Moore</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-5721</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert Moore</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 16:32:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-5721</guid>
		<description>I&#039;d love to see a copy of the biographies for the two men. Apart from the mention of the two being &quot;stationed at Ft. Fisher,&quot; there is little else being conveyed as to the nature of the &quot;service&quot; at Ft. Fisher. Note that the headstones read simply &quot;Confederate soldier&quot; with no unit designation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;d love to see a copy of the biographies for the two men. Apart from the mention of the two being &#8220;stationed at Ft. Fisher,&#8221; there is little else being conveyed as to the nature of the &#8220;service&#8221; at Ft. Fisher. Note that the headstones read simply &#8220;Confederate soldier&#8221; with no unit designation.</p>
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		<title>By: Kevin Levin</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-5720</link>
		<dc:creator>Kevin Levin</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 16:18:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-5720</guid>
		<description>Looks like everyone had a good ole time. ha</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Looks like everyone had a good ole time. ha</p>
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		<title>By: Robert Moore</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-5718</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert Moore</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Feb 2009 14:36:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-5718</guid>
		<description>Update... http://genebrooks.blogspot.com/2009/02/black-nc-confederate-soldiers-honored.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Update&#8230; <a href="http://genebrooks.blogspot.com/2009/02/black-nc-confederate-soldiers-honored.html" rel="nofollow">http://genebrooks.blogspot.com/2009/02/black-nc-confederate-soldiers-honored.html</a></p>
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		<title>By: John Maass</title>
		<link>http://cwmemory.com/2009/02/03/north-carolina-scv-honors-black-confederates-or-confederate-slaves/#comment-5653</link>
		<dc:creator>John Maass</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 09 Feb 2009 18:06:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cwmemory.com/?p=2669#comment-5653</guid>
		<description>There is no Boardman Co., NC.  There is a Columbus Co., though.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is no Boardman Co., NC.  There is a Columbus Co., though.</p>
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