As the illuminating map generated by that study shows, children born in some regions—Salt Lake City and San Jose, Calif., for example—have a reasonable shot of moving up the social ladder. By contrast, many parts of the former Confederacy, it seems, are now the places where the American dream goes to die.
Why is that true? At first blush, you might guess race could explain the variation. When the study’s authors crunched the data, they found that the larger the black population in any given county, the lower the overall social mobility. But there was more to the story than blacks unable to break the cycle of poverty. In a passing comment, Chetty and his co-authors observed that “both blacks and whites living in areas with large African-American populations have lower rates of upward income mobility.” Far from being divergent, the fates of poor blacks and poor whites in these regions are curiously, inextricably, intertwined.
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hey but what about the history of slavery in Alaska 😉 It too has a deep red tint indicating little social mobility
The light blue and white area in eastern Kentucky, western Virginia, and West Virginia stretching up into Pennsylvania is also interesting. What’s going on there? Could coal possibly be causing mobility?
Most of the referenced study concerned the big leap from bottom quintile (bottom 20%) to top quintile. Making this jump from one generation to the next is unlikely in America. But that doesn’t mean there is _no_ mobility out of the bottom fifth, for there are three other fifths between the top and bottom.
Indian Country doesn’t look very good, either.
This “stain of slavery” metaphor is disturbing, especially when smeared over geographical areas.
So, what is it about North Dakota then? What is that state doing, or what economic situation exists there that seems to contribute to social mobility?
Good question. The analysis provided seems to support the distinction between societies with slaves and slave societies popularized by Edmund Morgan. Slavery existed in every colony/state early on, but its long-term effects linger in the Deep South.
At the moment it’s fracking — 21st century gold rush up there. It’s a temporary boom, but a big one.
North Dakota has been experiencing a boom from oil production for most of a decade now. Not only from the jobs that have been created, but local mineral rights owners have been seeing payments of $50K a month or more.
The downside is that infrastructure is under enormous strain from the population growth. Some counties have literally doubled in population. Tens of thousands of people have moved to western ND, almost totally to rural areas where the impact is the greatest. There’s been a large growth in crime, especially violent crimes, drug trafficking and prostitution.